Bake class: is it twirly for cake?

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an even swirl through the batter gives the best result

Marble cake recipes involve what appear at first to be a simple technique swirling two mixtures together in the tin. But getting those curves perfectly placed involves a little delicate intervention in the kitchen (if you want to try the technique, there’s a recipe here).

Surely a marble cake is a strike against good taste?

The term ‘marble’ is a bad fit. Don’t think of it as one those decorative styles that turned honest concrete into a bad imitation of Carrara’s finest. We’re talking gusty swirls and twisting layers that combine flavours and textures in harmonious or shocking rhythm, depending on you mood.

Ok, we might usually want our food sombre and monastically calm. But for those anarchic moments, when you want to hijack your Madeira cake and give it striking Kuniyoshi style waves of colour and flavour then marbling is the way to go. Remember, it’s never wise to be too natural or too plain.

So I just stir everything together roughly and spoon it into the tin?

Ahhh, you wish. The beautiful curves you see in the best cakes combine planning and chance. Left to chance you might get a brilliant swirl in the middle and bleak slices at the end. Or a vague stain of a swirl where you’ve stirred too vigorously.

No, the best plan is to spoon each flavoured mixture roughly where it needs to be in the tin, alternating with the other mixture, then tap the tin firmly on the table to remove air bubbles. Last of all use a chopstick or a skewer to drag a few slow curvy lines through the batter to gently swirl everything together to create a delicate swirl in the crumb.

Can I marble any two mixtures together then bake them?

It depends on the consistency of each and how thick you want the bands to be. Take the utterly beautiful Ottolenghi raspberry meringues. The raspberry mixture is (I think) a fresh sieved puree of berries that would be liquid too hold in anything other than a thin drizzle. So if you drizzle a little puree on each plain meringue then lightly twirl it with a skewer it will appear mixed through the meringue without disturbing the volume. If you try to fold the puree through the meringue while it’s in the mixing bowl you risk the mixture deflating.

For chocolate brownies, like these beauties from Bon Appétit, you can just spoon the mixture into the tin and swirl with a skewer. Or if you want a little more control you can put the cheesecake mixture into a piping bag and squirt this in swirls directly into the brownie mixture in the tin before lightly tweaking the result with a toothpick. Sometimes this is easier and gives more definition as the mixture wont be pulled around so much. If you want to produce a tray of these brownies for an event and they need to look the business then this technique is handy.

What about biscuits and bread dough, spoons and piping bags wont work will they?

Dough can be marbled but relies on kneading to create the swirls. Say you want an all butter shortbread like this delectable one from Nigel Slater, but combining pistachios with both chocolate and vanilla dough. Use the basic shortbread recipe, divide it in two, flavour and colour one half with a few tablespoons of cocoa and half the pistachios then just mix the remaining pistachios into the vanilla dough.

Divide each flavour up into 6 or 7 pieces then combine them randomly back into a ball of dough. Thwack the dough ball onto the worksurface to remove any air bubbles then very gently knead the dough just until the colours begin to swirl. From there you can roll the dough out into a sheet or cylinder to cut biscuits from. The same method works with bread dough.

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Bake class: cookie cravings

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nothing like a batch of cookies to brighten the day

This week’s how-to class is all about cookies and biscuits: soft and gooey ones as well as utterly crisp and snappy numbers; post any questions you have below and I’ll try to help, or if you have a better way, let us know. Look for this Saturday’s ginger macadamia biscuits recipe, so good I made it three more times since it was dashed to the Guardian. Each time the bake urge struck, I’d be doing something mundane like cleaning the book shelves or weeding the herb garden and I’d start to have those sweet crispy thoughts; next thing, like a hard core cookieholic, I’d find myself in the kitchen whipping the butter and sugar.

The terms cookie and biscuit are interchangeable today. The OED has a reference from about 1730 but in Britain we appear to stop using the word cookie in the early 1900s. It then re-entered our vocabulary through American baking, attached to biscuit recipes with previously unheard of richness and delicacy. Dutch settlers took the word “koekje” across to America, but back it came redefined with a generous and indulgent meaning. If a cookie is music then American taught us how to sing and dance it exuberantly. Sure, a well-made butter shortbread or a ginger parkin has a beautiful simplicity but sometimes you want to shake it up. That’s the time to bake a cookie.

I know it can seem like a bit of a bother but nothing you can buy, that’s right, nothing, compares to a homemade cookie or biscuit. There are steps you can take to make life easier, ways to have a batch in the fridge and freezer, tricks for making them softer or crisper. Mixtures can use up leftover dried fruit, a spare egg yolk or white, other fats instead of butter and other flours too.

That’s fine for you but I probably only have time twice a year to bake cookies.

Biscuit and cookie recipes can be broken into stages that can be carried out over days or weeks if you need to. The first stage is the measuring and mixing. This can all be done in one bowl and finished in about 10 minutes. You don’t need to worry about endlessly mixing till your arm aches. Just beat the butter and sugar lightly, beat in the egg (if the recipe has one), stir in the flour and other bits and that’s it. Don’t even sift the flour. At this point you can bake them immediately, fridge or freeze the mixture. Try doing that with a sponge cake. So with a little planning you could bake more often.

But what if I want a home-baked cookie now, rather than in an hour when I’ve left the house or gone to bed?

This is where the fridge or freezer is best. Forget about those tubs of ready-made cookie dough at the supermarket. Just make double then store half in the fridge in a covered container where it will keep happily for a few weeks if your fridge is cold (4C), or in the freezer for up to 3 months. Probably longer but hey, don’t really want to eat stale cookie dough. Though I tasted it once in a tub of ice-cream. Shortbread is best in a block so you can cut fingers from it. Fridge-cold or frozen, I bake straight away in a preheated oven on a low temperature. No need to defrost, but add 5 minutes more to the baking time.

Freezing needs a little extra planning, working out what shape you want to bake them in. I like to roll the dough into balls, lay a sheet of non-stick baking paper on a tray that will fit in the freezer, then sit the pieces quite close to each but not quite touching. Freeze the tray then when the pieces are rock-hard move them into a container or zip-lock bag.

Recipes call for softened butter? You must live in an alternate cake-centric universe where butter lives on the table, always soft and never rancid.

I keep mine in the fridge too. The trick is to cut it into small 2cm cubes, place them in a saucepan (or in a bowl in the microwave) and heat gently until about a quarter is barely melted and the rest solid. Pour this into the mixing bowl, leave for 5 minutes so the remaining cubes of butter soften slightly, add the sugar then beat away. Don’t fear a little melted butter as it will emulsify with the eggs.

My cookies end up too crisp, but my shortbread is too soft. What gives?

There are three aspects to this. The first and main one is the baking time. Bake virtually all cookies and biscuits at a low oven temperature, 170°C/fan 150°C/335°F/gas 3 as this will allow you to add a few minutes more or less to the suggested baking time to suit. For soft-crust chewy cookies, very slightly underbake them and allow for the heat to continue cooking them for a few minutes after the tray is removed from the oven. For crisper shortbread, reduce the oven heat further to a very low 140°C/fan 120°C/285°F/gas 1 and leave them for 5 – 10 minutes longer than the recipe suggests. Some people just switch the oven off and leave the tray inside for 10 minutes. If your shortbread goes too dark at this temperature then your oven is running hotter than what it reads on the dial.

The second aspect is the ingredients used. Soft brown sugar, in addition to a small amount of golden syrup or black treacle/molasses, corn syrup or honey, will help stop the sugar crystallising when it bakes and keep your cookies soft. Equally, adding brown sugar or syrups to shortbread will turn them softer. Rolled oats and oat flour give a soft chew to cookies, as does a little rye or wholemeal flour. The American wünderchef Shirley O. Corriher told me that if you activate the gluten in white wheat flour by rubbing a few tablespoons of water through it first, then leave it for 10 minutes before beating it with the other ingredients, the resulting cookies are much chewier.

The other thing to remember is the cookie jar or biscuit tin, and how you store them. Covering the cookies after baking with a light clean tea towel will soften them if you fear you’ve over baked them, and placing a quarter of an apple in the tin will help to keep them soft. For shortbread, brandy snaps and other biscuits and crackers you want to keep crisp, the trick is to put a thin (1cm) layer of rock salt in the bottom of the tin with layers of baking paper above and beneath it. Store your biscuits on top of this and keep the tin sealed, and the salt acts as a slight desiccant and help to draw out any moisture in the air.

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Runner Bean & Pepper Relish

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the beans still have some crispness in the pickle

Just after Christmas is hardly the time to be making chutney with anything from your garden (unless someone has invented Brussels Sprout chutney, there may be an opening there!), but late in the season I did make a batch of Runner Bean & Pepper Relish, using up some of our late runner bean harvest and a load of peppers I’d bought at a market. This has been very popular with the people I gave it to, so for future reference I’m posting it here.

David’s Runner Bean & Pepper Relish

570g runner beans, trimmed, de-stringed and cut diagonally into chunks
1kg red tomatoes, quartered
6 peppers, 850g unprepped weight
2 medium onions, 450g unprepped weight
100g fresh root ginger, unpeeled weight
8 cloves of garlic
6 dried red chillies
2tsp fine sea salt
3tsp ground white pepper
Seeds of 15 green cardamom pods
3tsp ground cumin
3tsp fenugreek seeds
500ml white vinegar
600g white sugar

The method is really on the same lines as the chutney and relish recipes I posted last year.

Drop the chunks of runner beans into a pan of boiling water and cook until just tender. Then drain, and throw into a bowl of iced water, to halt the cooking. When cold, drain again.

Meanwhile, put the quartered tomatoes into a large pan. Trim the peppers, removing stalks and white pith, and dice to about the size of a man’s smallest fingernail; peel and chop the onions, likewise; peel and finely chop the fresh ginger and the garlic cloves, and add these ingredients to the tomatoes, with the chillies, spices and white vinegar. Cook until soft and reduced in bulk by 35-50%, stirring regularly to avoid any sticking, then add the white sugar, and continue to stir until it has again reduced by maybe one-third. Add the drained cold beans and cook until everything is hot and bubbling.

Meanwhile, sterilise your jam jars in a warm oven at 140ºC for at least 10 minutes. Remove jars from the oven, cool for a few minutes, then pour in the hot chutney, and cover. If you use acid- and vinegar-proof screw-top metal lids, the relish will retain its moisture content and remain quite soft, but if you use cellophane covers held in place with elastic bands, some of the moisture will gradually evaporate, giving you a denser pickle.

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